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it's really important that we send a

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rover that's clean and we make sure that

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it doesn't contaminate Mars

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my name is moojiji Stricker and I

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protect Mars from Earth bacteria the

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next Mars rover is slated to go to Mars

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collect samples so that eventually we

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can bring those samples back to earth

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and determine for the very first time

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did life exist on Mars there's nothing

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that we can build that sterile simply

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take swabs and wipes of the spacecraft

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as it's being built it gets put in an

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oven it gets put in various chambers and

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clean room so that we can maintain that

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level of cleanliness if we do find

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something on Mars we have to make sure

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it's something that actually came from

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Mars and not something up hitched a ride

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this is the place where the magic

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happens oh definitely in this lab we

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look specifically at spores so spores

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are those hardy microorganisms that can

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actually survive if it made it on the

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spacecraft of the journey through space

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through the vacuum it's very humbling to

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be a part of this big project because

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there are hundreds of people that have

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to come together and build a spacecraft

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there is no one person that can say I

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did this I made this happen it's always

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a we I owe it all to Carl Sagan and

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watching the cosmos I remember being a

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little kid going to the public library

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and renting that VHS and from that

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moment the light bulb turned on it

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actually was a start of my passion of

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science communications we are citizens

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of our universe you have to be good

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ambassadors when we are exploring other

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planets that are moved so it's the right

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NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in

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Southern California JPL is where the

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Mars 2020 mission and perseverance rover

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are managed getting to Mars is a test of

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perseverance in itself there are so many

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incredible stories from the thousands of

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people who are part of the mission today

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we're with one of the many faces behind

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the spacecraft mujika Stricker is the

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planet Protection Airi League for Mars

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2020 she's making sure the perseverance

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Rover carries as few microbes as

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possible from Earth to Mars she joins us

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live from the remote planetary

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protection lab at Kennedy Space Center

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she is there by herself and will answer

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some questions now if you have any

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questions you'd like to ask you can

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leave them right here in the YouTube

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chat or post them to social media with

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the ask NASA hashtag thanks for talking

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to us today mu

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thanks for having me so to start off why

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are you at the Kennedy Space Center in

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Florida so the hardware comes from JPL

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from all around the United States and

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around the world and it's integrated and

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tested at JPL in part but we still have

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to bring it here to the Kennedy Space

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Center finish up tests put it on a

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rocket and launch it to Mars so that's

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why we're here we're getting toward that

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late stage we're pretty close to launch

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now you're a planetary protection lead

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that is a pretty cool title so what does

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your job entail so my job entails making

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sure and my team also with me make sure

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that we can build test launch and land

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we're in a way that keeps the spacecraft

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clean the perserverence rover will carry

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a limited amount of biological

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contamination from Earth and we have to

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make sure that it's low so that we can

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preserve the natural environment on Mars

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and kind of do that why is it important

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to keep it so clean yeah besides it

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being the right thing to do as you go

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there obviously you don't want to

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contaminate the environment that you're

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luring and trying to understand its past

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right so besides it being the right

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thing to do it's also part of an issue

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international treaty that we've signed

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so the United States is a signatory to

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an international treaty called outer

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space treaty and that treaty mandates

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that we have to limit the total amount

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of microorganisms that we send on our

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spacecraft speaking of the rover it was

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recently named perseverance and I want

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to get your thoughts what does the name

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mean to you personally yeah

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perseverance I was so excited when that

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name was chosen there were amazing

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candidates but perseverance in itself is

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really resonates with me in addition to

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building this complicated Rover that

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takes a lot of perseverance on the

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day-to-day it also took a lot of

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perseverance in every one of our lives

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in my own life just to get to where I am

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today you have to persevere through so

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many struggles a lot of schooling just

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to get to to be part of this so

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perseverance has many many meetings and

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all great meetings for me they're very -

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lots of layers and I want to know

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actually how did you get where you are

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today like what did you study in school

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what kind of jobs led to you to where

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you are now yeah so I started off with

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an undergraduate degree a bachelor's

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degree in physics where I studied

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atmospheric sciences at Hampton

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University in Virginia and there I

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started morphing into the love of plasma

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physics and for my masters in ph.d

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actually studied at Drexel University

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and made plasma devices that would

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sterilize different spacecraft materials

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so it was a very natural progression to

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move into planetary protection because

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you need to make sure you can clean your

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hardware and keep it clean so that's

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what my entire PhD dissertation is about

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that's great so now that I'm done with

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my questions I'm going to see what

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people have on social media to ask you

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Monisha on twitter asks with respect to

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at nasa personal mission what were the

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top technology challenges in the whole

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effort

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Wow so there are I'm sure if you ask

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this question to any person they'll have

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a completely different answer depending

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on their perspective so I'll speak just

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to my perspective of planetary

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protection when you look at the

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technology challenges that we have the

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biggest thing is looking at the new and

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unique materials that is ultimately a

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great thing right we have these

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materials that can make processors work

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more quickly that really optimize our

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ability to do great science the thing is

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a lot of that is has material

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compatibility issues so back in the day

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when Viking was built and launched

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before it was launched it was actually

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put together and pushed into an oven so

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that it would be sterilized as entire

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system the thing is with this entire

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shift in technologies a great shift in

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technologies many materials aren't

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compatible to high temperatures so my

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big technology challenge is keeping up

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with the evolution of materials to make

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sure we can continue to keep it clean

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and we have really great options

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actually for the 2020 mission including

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vapor hydrogen peroxide so if you go to

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your store the drugstore and you go to

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the first date aisle that hydrogen

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peroxide that you see on the shelf it's

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kind of like that except more

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concentrated and vaporized and basically

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that can sterilize any material that's

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compatible with that process so there

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are a lot of great challenges that we've

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overcome every single day it was kind of

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speaking of the store Shotoku tech on

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twitter asks is this where all the

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disinfectant wipes have gone that's a

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great question so we add JPL and within

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NASA right we love calculating and

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planning ahead and so this mission has

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been in the works for over seven years

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but at least myself personally I've been

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working with the mission for seven years

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and early on in the mission we have to

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determine how many supplies that we need

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including disinfectants right and just

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disinfecting wipes and so that was

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calculated early on and so we didn't

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take any extra disinfectant wipes in

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fact we just have just enough for what

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we need to do so that we're not taking

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away from the the efforts that and the

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places where they really need

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planning ahead now Daniel on Twitter

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asks what did any earth microbes just

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die when leaving the Earth's atmosphere

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yeah and another all these great

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questions I love it um so yes and no

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right there are classes of microbes so

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if you saw in that little blurb of the

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video we look in particular for

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bacterial endospores because all the

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normal bacteria on your skin the staff

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they won't survive in the vacuum of

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space just fully exposed of course if

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they were protected like in the

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International Space Station possibly

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right but out in the exposed vacuum of

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space they would not survive but we do

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look for bacterial and uh spores or

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spores because those things are capable

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of staying in this dormant like shell

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state and it can even withstand being

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dormant for tens of millions of years

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and until the conditions are favorable

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it will stay dormant and then it could

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germinate and grow so we specifically

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look for those spores to make sure that

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they don't make its way to Mars because

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it could survive the journey the cold

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vacuum of space now Maximillian has a

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question for you did your a job exist

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during Apollo oh that's a great question

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so our job actually started somewhere

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around 1967 actually exactly 1987 when

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the outer space was signed and from that

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moment actually before then and during

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the Apollo time right there was things

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like quarantine that was kind of a

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prevalent knowledge that everybody knew

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that if you're coming from outer space

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and you're coming back then you probably

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need to isolate yourself just in case

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something is there but at least when we

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sign that international treaty 1967 that

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is when planetary protection was

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officially a thing and that's why biking

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was the first mission that PPE planetary

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protection was implemented on now how

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will the perseverance rover prepare for

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sample return does it put it in a box

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with samples

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on the ground for pickup that's what

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Thomas s on youtube wants to know yeah

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so the architecture at Sam's today and

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right now it's not an official project

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so big asterisk right but what we're

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gonna do for the 2020 mission is collect

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the samples on the surface of Mars and

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every once in a while there's going to

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be a caching Depot of a bunch of tubes

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that are gonna be deposited on the

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surface of Mars waiting for a future

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mission to come and pick it up to

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eventually send back to earth now I have

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one from Hannah from YouTube she says

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I'm from Mexico and I'm only a teenager

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what can I do to work in the future as a

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chemist at NASA wow that's a really

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great question the the thing is with

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NASA as a whole we the NASA believes an

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international collaboration and it's

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evidenced by our 2020 Rover right there

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are seven different payload instruments

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and several of them come from Norway

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from Spain and our international

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partners France the UK are vital because

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it doesn't matter really with the

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borders what matters is your scientific

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technology and just ready readiness to

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learn and and help us get to the next

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hurdle of understanding and so it's

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great that you're a young future

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scientist from Mexico I would say still

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keep an eye out on NASA obviously

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because international collaborations are

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happening all the time just be

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passionate about your work study and app

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in your own way follow of course the

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Giants but also figure out what makes

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you excited because that will be your

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thing your expertise to really make you

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shine and be appealing for NASA that is

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a great answer

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so Turek Ally on u2 asks what are the

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procedures for checking the Sanitation

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of the rover ah so there are many steps

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that we use to check how clean the rover

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is in fact we've taken over 10,000 wipes

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and swabs of the spacecraft of the rover

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itself the launch vehicle

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of the descent stage at rocket jetpack

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that's gonna help it land on the surface

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of Mars we have over 10,000 swabs and

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wipes of those particular surfaces and

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we grow them up in the lab and we

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actually make sure that not only is it

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clean because we would prefer to see

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nothing grow on the plates right but

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sometimes things pop up and we actually

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can identify what it is you can actually

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see whether or not it's a spore or a non

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spore of spore-forming microorganism you

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can find a lot of really interesting

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things about what is living in the

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cleanroom environment now kind of Lily

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Jean hole has a follow-up question for

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that from YouTube she asked how long do

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you spend on a typical job whoo on a

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typical job within NASA or within the

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2020 mission

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well maybe I'll answer from the

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perspective of let's do 2020 mission

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yeah yeah so it's a pad so depending on

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the the mission life cycle right there

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are times where I'm spending all day

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every day in the cleanroom especially if

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we have a critical integration happening

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oh I have to spend sometimes five six

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hours in the cleanroom making sure that

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the hardware comes up and integrates

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into the spacecraft in a way that

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maintains the cleanliness other times

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I'm sitting at my computer on meetings

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on telecoms and making sure that we have

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all the right protocols in place so that

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we can continue to keep that spacecraft

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clean so a lot of meetings a lot of lab

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work and a lot of cleanroom work it was

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kind of my day to day and telephones are

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usually telephone conferences right yep

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hey thanks for that yeah telephone

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Toddlers and then the license like seven

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years I've been working on this for

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about seven years so what will I do

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after this just sadly sit and think

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about the samples to do with your time

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now for you to ask what have you learned

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from this pandemic that you can apply to

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Mars exploration

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oh yeah that's a it's a great question

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what I'm really excited about is what

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others have learned about the pandemic

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that is kind of similar to what I do in

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the day today I'm actually kind of

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interested to see how other people react

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to for example having face coverings

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face coverings are something that we do

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all the time in clean environments so

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going outside in the lab and seeing

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other people with space covers like whoa

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that's that's great that they're doing

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that it's the right thing to do it's

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being done sustainably especially for

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the face covers that you can wash so

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it's what's excites me is that other

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people are learning very indirectly

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about the importance of planetary

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protection because you're doing the same

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thing just from person to person you're

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making sure your microbes kind of stay

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with you and other people's microbes

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stays with them so you're just being

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responsible with your with the threat of

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your microbes and we have one more

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question James Driscoll on YouTube wants

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to talk about what you're wearing I see

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you are in a smock or what other things

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you are wear around the spacecraft we

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kind of touched on that look tell us

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about your gear yeah so our gear is

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pretty cool I would say we call it the

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main suit that we wear it's called a

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bunny suit and this bunny suit protects

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the spacecraft from the number one

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source of contamination in the cleanroom

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which are humans so in the cleanroom we

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typically wear a face mask a hairnet the

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full bunny suit including boots on our

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feet because the second biggest source

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of contamination is the environment so

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you want to make sure you have clean

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shoes so that when you walk in you don't

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track in a bunch of dirt so we wear that

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on a day to day in the cleanroom when

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we're working with the most critical

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pieces of hardware the seals the tubes

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everything that will touch the Martian

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soil we actually add an extra level of a

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barrier we actually wear sterile goggles

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because everybody has eyelash mites and

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mites on their face whether or not you

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know it fun fact

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and so we have to keep those mites on

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our eyes and face separate from

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especially those critical parts so we

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have a whole other layer of sterile

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goggle

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sterile gloves and a sterile smock on

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top so lots of fun things that we

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planned from years ago that is really

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getting us to mission success that's

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great and I want to thank you so much

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for talking to us you have one of the

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coolest jobs I must say so

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thank you for joining us and thank you

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for your questions thanks Moo bye thanks

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hey now the launch period for Mars 2020

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opens on July 17th and the rover is

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slated to land on the Red Planet

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February 18 2021

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00:17:37,550 --> 00:17:34,540
where the latest on the mission follow

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00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:37,560
@nasa persevere on Twitter and Facebook

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you can watch all the behind the

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spacecraft video profiles on the NASA

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360 YouTube channel and we'll be doing q

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and A's with the Mars 2020 team members

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00:17:53,700 --> 00:17:51,340
every Thursday at 1:00 p.m. Pacific time

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00:17:56,430 --> 00:17:53,710
4:00 p.m. Eastern for the next few weeks

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00:17:59,130 --> 00:17:56,440
and if you will explore the universe

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00:18:02,700 --> 00:17:59,140
from the comfort of your home check out

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00:18:06,570 --> 00:18:02,710
our NASA at home activities for families

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00:18:11,550 --> 00:18:06,580
and kids of all ages you can find them